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Who Owns Dentistry Today? Key Insights from the 2024 Dental Industry Report

by PracticeCFO | March 27, 2026
Dentist in purple scrubs, mask, and gloves, holding dental tools, interacts with a smiling patient in a chair, creating a calm, professional atmosphere.

The dental industry is undergoing a major shift, and one of the most important questions for dentists today is: who owns dentistry?

With the growing presence of Dental Service Organizations (DSOs), changing career preferences, and increasing financial pressures on new graduates, the structure of dental ownership is evolving faster than ever.

Using insights from the ADA Health Policy Institute 2024 study, this blog explores ownership trends, practice models, and what they mean for dentists at every stage of their careers.

Understanding the Current State of Dental Ownership

Despite all the buzz around DSOs, independent ownership still plays a dominant role in dentistry.

According to the latest data:

  • Only 16.1% of dentists are affiliated with DSOs
  • Nearly 84% of practices remain outside DSO structures

This means that while DSOs are growing, private practice continues to be the backbone of the dental industry.

However, the real shift is not in total ownership numbers but in who is choosing which path.

The Generational Shift: Young Dentists vs Experienced Dentists

One of the clearest insights from the report is the difference in ownership patterns across career stages.

Early-Career Dentists (0–10 Years)

  • Only 15% own solo practices
  • Around 26.5% are affiliated with DSOs

Mid-Career Dentists (11–25 Years)

  • About 35% are in private practice
  • Only 14% remain in DSOs

Late-Career Dentists (25+ Years)

  • Nearly 47.6% operate single-location practices
  • Just 9.1% are part of DSOs

Key Takeaway

Many dentists begin their careers in DSOs but gradually move toward private ownership as they gain experience, confidence, and financial stability.

This trend highlights an important pattern: DSOs are often an entry point, not a long-term destination

Why Solo Practice Is Declining Among New Dentists

Solo practice has traditionally been the gold standard in dentistry, but that is changing, especially among younger professionals.

Main Reasons Behind This Shift

1. Rising Student Debt

  • Average dental school debt: ~$300,000
  • Private institutions: $500,000+
  • Specialists can exceed $1 million

This financial burden pushes many new dentists toward stable employment models instead of immediate ownership.

2. Risk Aversion

Starting a practice involves:

  • Business management
  • Hiring and training staff
  • Marketing and patient acquisition
  • Financial planning and debt management

For new graduates, these responsibilities can feel overwhelming.

3. Desire for Predictability

DSOs provide:

  • Fixed or predictable income
  • Established systems
  • Reduced administrative burden

This makes them attractive for dentists who want to focus on clinical work early in their careers.

Practice Size Distribution: How Dental Practices Are Structured

The report also provides a clear breakdown of how practices are distributed across the industry.

Practice Size Breakdown

  • 33.6% – Solo practices (one doctor, one location)
  • 39.1% – Single location, multiple doctors
  • 9.9% – 2 to 9 locations
  • 3.8% – 10 to 49 locations
  • 2.7% – 50 to 99 locations
  • 10.8% – 100+ locations (large DSOs)

What This Means for the Industry

Nearly three-quarters of all practices operate from a single location.

Even though large DSOs exist and are expanding, the majority of dental care is still delivered through local, independently managed offices.

The Challenge of Scaling Beyond One Location

While many dentists aim to expand into multiple locations, the data shows that very few succeed at larger scales.

There is a sharp drop from:

  • 10% (2–9 locations)
    to
  • 3.8% (10–49 locations)

Why Scaling Is So Difficult

Managing multiple practices is not just about growth it requires a complete shift in how the business operates.

Operational Complexity

  • Standardizing systems across locations
  • Managing multiple teams
  • Ensuring a consistent patient experience

Leadership Demands

  • Strong management skills
  • Clear communication across teams
  • Ability to handle conflict and cultural differences

Financial Pressure

  • Increased fixed costs
  • New investments in equipment and staff
  • Risk of underperforming locations

Many dentists underestimate these challenges, which is why expansion often leads to stress, inefficiency, or even scaling back.

DSO Affiliation by Specialty

Not all dental specialties are equally involved with DSOs. Some are far more attractive due to profitability and scalability.

Highest DSO Affiliation

  • Orthodontics: ~23%
  • Oral Surgery (OMS): ~22%
  • Endodontics: ~21%

Moderate Affiliation

  • Pediatric Dentistry: ~16%
  • General Dentistry: ~15%
  • Periodontics: ~14%

Lowest Affiliation

  • Prosthodontics: ~11%

Insight

Specialties with:

  • Higher revenue potential
  • Repeatable procedures
  • Scalable workflows

They are more likely to attract DSO investment.

Gender Differences in DSO Participation

The study also shows a slight variation between male and female dentists:

  • 17.6% of female dentists are affiliated with DSOs
  • 14.8% of male dentists are affiliated with DSOs

While the difference is small, it suggests that structured work environments may appeal more to certain lifestyle preferences, such as flexibility or work-life balance.

How Student Debt Is Shaping Career Decisions

Student debt is not just a financial issue; it is influencing how dentists think about their careers.

Even with income-driven repayment programs available, many dentists still feel the need for:

  • Stable income
  • Reduced financial risk
  • Immediate cash flow

This mindset leads to:
Choosing employment over ownership
Prioritizing short-term security over long-term growth

Private Practice vs DSO: A Structural Difference

At its core, the difference between private practice and DSOs lies in control and structure.

Private Practice

  • Full ownership and autonomy
  • Control over operations and decisions
  • Direct link between effort and income

DSO Model

  • Centralized management systems
  • Standardized processes
  • Employment-based compensation

Each model serves a purpose, but they offer very different career experiences.

What These Trends Mean for the Future of Dentistry

The dental industry is not moving toward a single model. Instead, it is becoming more diverse.

Key Trends to Watch

  • Continued growth of DSOs among new graduates
  • Ongoing importance of private practice ownership
  • Increased competition in local markets
  • Greater need for business and financial education

Dentists who understand these shifts will be better positioned to:

  • Make informed career decisions
  • Build sustainable practices
  • Adapt to industry changes

Final Thoughts

The question of who owns dentistry today is complex, but the data provides clarity.

  • DSOs are growing, especially among younger dentists
  • Private practice remains the dominant structure
  • Many dentists transition from employment to ownership over time
  • Scaling beyond a single location is challenging but possible

Ultimately, dentistry is evolving into a multi-path profession, where success depends on choosing the right model based on individual goals, risk tolerance, and long-term vision.Partner with PracticeCFO to make smarter financial and ownership decisions. Our team helps dentists grow profits, manage risk, and build lasting wealth through expert guidance and proven strategies. Listen to Episode 146 of The Dental Boardroom Podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/146-who-owns-dentistry/id1518344747?i=1000757102884

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